
40 Chapter 1
vertical angle patterns
Parallel lines often come with
helpful angle shortcuts
When you have a line which meets or crosses a set of parallel
lines, all the sets of (opposite) vertical angles that are created are
the same.
TIRE
TRACKS
56º
?º
So this angle here should
be the same—56º.
110º
110º
110º
110º
70º
70º
70º
70º
The two angles
created are always
supplementary.
Two sets of vertical
angles—notice how one
set is exactly the same as
the other, so we only have
TWO different angles to
deal with.
This means that you can find more missing angles without
doing any math at all—just by recognizing a few patterns. The
F Pattern, the Z Pattern, and the N Pattern are formed
when parallel lines cross or meet another line.
F pattern
Z pattern
N pattern
Rotate the page
and you’ll see that
the Z pattern
and the N pattern
are pretty much
the same thing.
Look out for F, Z, and N
patterns around parallel
lines for a shortcut to
finding missing angles.
110º
110º
70º
70º
70º
70º
The F, Z, or N can be
hidden
Sometimes they’re upside
down, back-to-front, or both!