
150 Chapter 2 CPUs
The traditional way to determine the dynamic range of an algorithm is by
simulation, which requires careful design of the input dataset as well as long
runtimes. Fang et al. [Fan03] used affine arithmetic to analyze the numerical
characteristics of algorithms. Affine arithmetic models the range of a variable as
a linear equation. Terms in the affine model can describe the correlation between
the ranges of other variables; accurate analysis of correlations allows the
dynamic range of variables to be tightly bounded.
CPUs are at the heart of embedded computing. CPUs can be selected from a cat-
alog for use or they can be custom-desi ...