
264 Chapter 4 Processes and Operating Systems
We execute multiple processes on a single CPU to save hardware and, to some
extent, to save energy. The cost of multitasking is that we have to be careful to
share the CPU so that we meet all our real-time deadlines. A large body of liter-
ature has been written on real-time scheduling, taking into account various con-
ditions on execution and assumptions. Real-time operating systems must be
designed to efficiently implement basic operations such as scheduling, interrupt
handling, and interprocess communication.
What We Have Learned
■ Several scheduling protocols can be used to guarantee basic real-time ...