Managing Information Systems ◾ 439
Cold site: Backup site ready for computers to be installed but without the computers
themselves.
Cracker: See hacker, sense (b). Not widely used.
Decentralized IS department structure: Organizational structure in which all IS-related
human resources work in the departments whose activities they support.
Expected cost: e cost of something (such as a breach) multiplied by the probability of
its occurrence.
Free market: Linking strategy in which departments are free to choose the information
systems they will use.
Full backup: Backup of a complete le or database. Compare incremental backup.
Hacker: (a) Originally, a clever programmer who can solve tough problems in ingenious
ways. (b) Today, a person who attempts ...