March 2022
Intermediate to advanced
293 pages
5h 31m
Chinese
Content preview from 精通区块链
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加密货币的基础知识 ｜ 31
2.1
加密货币系统中的公钥和私钥
人类使用密码学或者加密技术的历史可以追溯到几千年以前。密码学的主要
用途是保护信息。直到二十世纪之前，经典密码学所需要的只是书写工具和
编写基本密码的简单辅助工具。到现代，机械和随后的计算机推动了加密技
术的使用。例如盟军在第二次世界大战中成功破译了德军的密码，为这场战
争的结束做出了贡献。
在
1970
年代之前，现代密码学主要由各国政府使用。由于公钥密码学（也称
非对称密码学）的发明，同时随着计算机网络不断扩大，密码学的使用才变
得更加普及。公钥密码学使任何人都可以获取接收者的公钥并使用它对信息
加密，然后使用接收者的私钥就可以对信息解密，而该私钥（应该）只有接
收者拥有。
密码学已经成为支撑互联网的主要系统的关键。像比特币等加密货币的基础
也依托于密码学。例如，注册一个托管的比特币的钱包会生成一个公钥和一
个私钥，以及一个比特币地址（我们将在本章的“托管，谁持有钥匙”中谈
及钱包）。比特币地址（
Bitcoin address
）是由公钥推导出来的，并用作钱包
的身份，可以接收资金，也可以从这个地址向其他地址发送资金。比特币地
址可以分享给任何人，以接收和发送资金，有点像用户名或电子邮件地址。
私钥是保密的，用于解锁储存的加密货币，类似使用密码访问银行账户。下
面是它们的例子：
私钥 Kyc9JCPPKNPrMUopkCc7ng9PU5Bp9SGsjVkh8Hpfx4tCr5LGXgBf
公钥 033b368bfccf5921f8a5a42b81b0f5ecdc66583fac8dc13bcf860cf31290964c64 ...
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