March 2022
Intermediate to advanced
293 pages
5h 31m
Chinese
Content preview from 精通区块链
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32 ｜ 第 2 章
比特币中的公钥只用于生成比特币地址。地址本质上是公钥的压缩版本，使
其更容易阅读一些。比特币地址可以与任何人共享，通常用在请求别人向该
地址发送比特币时。
比特币中的私钥是
256
位的随机数，这个数字由一个随机数发生器生成。私
钥以十六进制格式显示。一旦用户拥有了私钥，就可以与公钥配对，以解锁
比特币地址。一切都是以私钥作为起点。由私钥开始，用户可以生成公钥和
比特币地址。为了方便理解，图
2-1
说明了比特币地址的生成过程，以及每
一步使用了哪些加密算法。
私钥 公钥 公钥哈希 比特币地址
补前缀00
图
2
-
1
：从私钥生成比特币地址的过程
如你所见，将私钥通过
ECDSA secp256k1
函数生成公钥。公钥哈希是公钥经
过加密算法
SHA256
和
RIPEMD160
函数处理得到。比特币地址是将公钥哈
希左侧补
00
，并输入到
Base58Check
函数处理得到。
2.2 UTXO
模型
比特币交易遵循一种独特的会计类型，称为未花费的交易输出（
unspent
transaction output
，
UTXO
）。一笔比特币交易最少包含一个输入列表和一个
输出列表。每个输入都表示了一个资金来源的比特币地址，以及该地址过去
收到的未消费交易。类似的，每个输出都表示了接收资金的比特币地址和该
地址将收到的金额。输入和输出之间的差额会作为交易手续费，被比特币矿
工获得。每一个输入还包含可证明该比特币地址所有者已经授权该交易的数
字签名。图
2-2
展示了一笔比特币交易的例子。
加密货币的基础知识 ｜ 33
输入
输出
图
2
-
2
：比特币区块浏览器中显示的一笔示例交易 ...
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I wanted to learn C and C++, but it didn't click for me until I picked up an O'Reilly book. When I went on the O’Reilly platform, I was astonished to find all the books there, plus live events and sandboxes so you could play around with the technology.Addison B.
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I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.