March 2022
Intermediate to advanced
293 pages
5h 31m
Chinese
Content preview from 精通区块链
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分叉和竞争链 ｜ 89
了
TPS
还有更多的内容，比如不同的安全模型和受信任的设置，但讨论这些
已经超出了本书的范围。
以太坊、
Zilliqa
和
NEAR
等其他项目探索的另一个扩容解决方案是分片
（
sharding
）。分片是将整个网络分割成多个网络段。每个分片都有独立的账
户余额和智能合约。
分片允许系统并行处理多个交易从而提高吞吐量。虽然有助于扩展，但也存
在一些问题比如单分片受到攻击的风险，由于算力降低，跨分片通信的复杂
性导致发送的消息无法同步，这些都有可能让攻击者接管单分片。分片网络
时其安全性也被分片，或者降低到单个分片上。以太坊打算通过在每个分片
上随机抽样验证器来解决这个问题。
3.9
以太坊经典分叉
比特币现金的分叉是有计划的，新区块链的开发者拥有远见和时间在软件中
实现重放保护。第一个以太坊分叉就是有争议的以太坊经典分叉（更多关于
以太坊的内容在第
4
章），有软件更新但不包含重放保护。
以太坊经典分叉产生于
2016
年
6
月，黑客在名为
The DAO
的智能合约中利
用关键漏洞造成了一个价值
5000
万美金的黑客攻击（第
4
章讨论
DAO
黑客
攻击）。
以太坊社区分为两组：
•
一组人对想要更新以太坊代码来逆转
DAO
黑客攻击。
•
一组人希望保持软件的原样，因为撤销交易意味着单个实体可以控制网络，
这将降低分布式网络的价值。
在以太坊区块
#1920000
上，大多数以太坊矿工将其软件更新为可逆转黑客攻
击的新代码，该区块链在
2020
年仍然被认为是以太坊。继续使用相同的预分
叉软件的以太坊矿工开始挖掘分叉后的区块链，这称为以太坊经典分叉。 ...
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O’Reilly covers everything we've got, with content to help us build a world-class technology community, upgrade the capabilities and competencies of our teams, and improve overall team performance as well as their engagement.Julian F.
I wanted to learn C and C++, but it didn't click for me until I picked up an O'Reilly book. When I went on the O’Reilly platform, I was astonished to find all the books there, plus live events and sandboxes so you could play around with the technology.Addison B.
I’ve been on the O’Reilly platform for more than eight years. I use a couple of learning platforms, but I'm on O'Reilly more than anybody else. When you're there, you start learning. I'm never disappointed.Amir M.
I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.