March 2022
Intermediate to advanced
293 pages
5h 31m
Chinese
Content preview from 精通区块链
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86 ｜ 第 3 章
资源分配的能力。随着比特币的发展，扩容一直都是面临的挑战。随着在区
块链上完成的交易数量越来越多，网络需要继续提供一种廉价且简单的交易
方式。
按现在的配置，比特币的区块链网络每秒只能处理
3~7
笔交易。相比之下，
Visa
的支付网络每秒可以完成
65000
笔交易。更重要的是，当
Visa
网络需要
扩容时，其管理员可以调节资源分配。
Visa
拥有数据和应用并运行在自家的
服务器上，由中央管理员控制。
与中心化的
Visa
不同，比特币是分布式的。它运行在许多计算上，并且没有
中央控制点。为了让网络发展壮大，许多行业利益相关者认为需要改变一些
东西，即需要扩大每次写入账本的交易数量。长期以来一直存在争论，如何
实现这个改变，是否可以通过更大的区块，亦或减少区块内的信息，还是提
供更多的块来解决呢？
一些利益相关方提倡将内容移动到链下（
off-chain
），我们将在第
10
章讨论
这个选项。尽管如此我们仍然非常需要扩容区块链的技术解决方案。我们将
介绍目前已经实现的一些解决方案，并在本书的最后一章再来讨论这个话题。
3.8.1
隔离见证
到
2015
年，比特币基础设施的瓶颈开始显现：等待处理的交易数量超过了每
个区块的容量。例如，每秒有十笔交易被请求但只能处理七笔。当出现瓶颈
时七笔交易会被处理，其他三笔交易继续留在暂存待处理交易的内存池之中。
这将减慢网络交易时间，也意味着比特币的手续费用会变得非常昂贵，因为
用户必须采用竞争的方式将交易记录在一个区块中，由此产生“手续费市场”。
解决该问题的方法是实施一种“隔离见证”（ ...
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O’Reilly covers everything we've got, with content to help us build a world-class technology community, upgrade the capabilities and competencies of our teams, and improve overall team performance as well as their engagement.Julian F.
I wanted to learn C and C++, but it didn't click for me until I picked up an O'Reilly book. When I went on the O’Reilly platform, I was astonished to find all the books there, plus live events and sandboxes so you could play around with the technology.Addison B.
I’ve been on the O’Reilly platform for more than eight years. I use a couple of learning platforms, but I'm on O'Reilly more than anybody else. When you're there, you start learning. I'm never disappointed.Amir M.
I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.