March 2022
Intermediate to advanced
293 pages
5h 31m
Chinese
Content preview from 精通区块链
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92
第
4
章
以太坊的演进
在早期，人们认为比特币是一个包罗万象的技术奇迹。然而，随着时间的推移，
有开发者开始意识到区块链可以支持附加功能。这导致引入构建在比特币之
上的新概念，然后一个名为以太坊（
Ethereum
）的全新区块链出现了。
4.1
改进比特币受限的功能
比特币是第一个应用了脚本化货币（
scripted money
）概念的去中心化共识
协议，即加密货币交易可以根据执行一段受限程序所返回真假状态决定是
否传输资金。最初，许多人将比特币视为“可编程货币”（
programmable
money
），但由于比特币自身功能限制，脚本化货币会更贴切一些。同样，早
期比特币通常被视为一种货币，但在比特币使用过程中，比特币开始更多地
被视为一种价值存储（
store of value
），并引发了许多关于这两者直接的差异
的争论。
出于安全原因，比特币的发展使得开发者社区中一群有影响力并有热情的追
随者提倡对于协议变更需要严肃认真并且只能通过受限的方式提交。人们对
像增加块大小这样的协议持怀疑态度。这些提倡者的核心目标是保持中心化
和包容性，即任何人都可以在只有低吞吐量的互联网上连接的廉价设备上运
行完整节点。
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