March 2022
Intermediate to advanced
293 pages
5h 31m
Chinese
Content preview from 精通区块链
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以太坊的演进 ｜ 93
然而正如我们在前一章提到的，一些比特币开发者推动了扩容解决方案的发
展。随着开发者基于比特币的发明创造，构建起了全新的区块链，比特币成
了可编程货币的基础。
4.1.1
彩色币和代币
彩色币（
colored coins
）使诸如权益（比如股票）和商品（比如黄金）等现实
世界的资产能够在比特币区块链上表示和管理。比特币的脚本语言是有意设
计为图灵不完备，这样脚本可用的内置命令功能有限，有助于降低网络的复
杂度。因此，彩色币没有直接嵌入到比特币网络，而是在比特币网络的上层
实现。
比特币原生资产表示范围有限。然而，比特币的区块链允许存储少量信息或
元数据。某些其他类型的资产可以由一个地址（例如
17VZNX1SN5NtKa8UQ
FxwQbFeFc3iqRYhem
）持有的一定数量的比特币表示。彩色币的概念引入了
代币（
tokens
），代币是通过在现有区块链之上编程一个独特的账本来构建的
价值单位。代币的特征和行为通常和其他加密货币相似，但不同之处在于它
们由另外一个区块链网络提供支持。代币是以太坊生态系统发展的基础，而
比特币上的彩色币导致了其他区块链上的代币的出现。
4.1.2
万事达币和智能合约
比特币的扩容解决方案的发展在
2013
年取得了进展，这归功于万事达币
（
Mastercoin
）的开发。万事达币是建立比特币之上，添加了原来比特币核心
协议中没有的功能。扩展了比特币的简单功能，实现了更复杂的可编程货币
的相关概念。这些概率其中之一是智能合约，智能合约是在区块链上运行的
复杂程序。
万事达币引入了额外的加密货币形式 ...
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