March 2022
Intermediate to advanced
293 pages
5h 31m
Chinese
Content preview from 精通区块链
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122 ｜ 第 5 章
功能型
在代币的语境下，功能型表示基于区块率的加密货币必须在金融投机之外
还有一定用途。在区块链世界中，有几个长期项目试图做到这一点。其中
最著名的是
Filecoin
，其代币授予用户在一个去中心化的云存储平台上获
得空间的权利。
证券型
根据美国证券交易委员会（
SEC
）的定义，证券型代币是一种投资合同。
投资合同旨在提供回报的承诺，是世界各地用于筹款的监管手段。由于这
个原因，许多
ICO
中发行的代币可以被视为证券。因此，它们在发行的管
辖范围内受到监管。提供证券型代币的项目的一个例子是
bloXroute
，这
是一个改变区块链的网络和路由工作方式的协议。拥有
bloXroute
代币表
示有权在
bloXroute
未来收益中获得一定份额，未来区块链将向
bloXroute
支付费用以使用其路由协议。
证券型代币发行（
STO
）是创建符合监管框架
ICO
的一种尝试。由于
ICO
模
仿了股票
IPO
的一些特质，世界各地的监管机构日益试图了解如何保护投资
者免受欺诈、过度风险和盗窃。例如，美国证券交易委员会已经发布了一个
基于加密货币的证券发行框架。
5.2
了解以太坊的意见征求稿
随着
EVM
功能的增强，使得开发人员能够编写更好的智能合约，以太坊社区
开始创建标准，正式化为以太坊征意见征求稿（
ERC
）。这些标准很重要，
因为它们确定了与以太坊智能合约交互的应用程序可以调用的函数和参数。
所有提议的
ERC
都是从以太坊改进提案（
EIP
）开始的，然后经过一个审核
过程。这与第
3
章中讨论的比特币改进流程类似。
5.2.1 ERC-20 ...
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