March 2022
Intermediate to advanced
293 pages
5h 31m
Chinese
Content preview from 精通区块链
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88 ｜ 第 3 章
通过大量的交易来填充区块链。这意味着比特币有更多用途，比如消费支付
和小额交易，随着区块满额以及手续费增加而成为问题，现在也许可以解决。
那么它到底是如何工作的呢？闪电网络使用双方的签名对加密货币的发送和
接收进行数字验证，而不是通过矿工和区块确认交易（不仅仅是比特币，
Stellar
也实现了自己的闪电版本）。这是通过使用双向支付通道来实现的。
用户必须在网络上创建一个通道并在区块链上发布所谓的保证金。闪电网络
使用的是被称为“哈希时间锁合约”（
Hash Time Locked Contracts
）的多重
签名系统，使多方能够相互交易。
闪电网络也可能存在一些安全风险。例如，在
2018
年闪电网络经历了一次分
布式拒绝服务（
DDoS
）攻击导致
20%
的网络瘫痪。该漏洞利用尽可能多的
节点来阻止连接的发生。闪电网络存在的另一个问题是节点必须保持双方开
放才可交易。此外，人们对网络欺诈行为担忧，需要“监测塔”（
watchtower
）
节点监视可能是欺诈活动的交易。
3.8.3
其他竞争链解决方案
提高区块链交易处理速度的最常见解决方案是状态通道（
state channels
）和
侧链（
sidechains
）。闪电网络是比特币中前者的例子。以太坊中的实现状态
通道例子是名为
Raiden
的项目。状态通道不使用单独的区块链，而侧链使用；
Plasma
就是一个典型的侧链。最近也有很多关于
Rollup
的讨论，零知识证明
（
ZK
）
Rollup
，出于隐私的目的它在验证者不知道实际信息的情况下提出并
公开记录有效的信息，以及 ...
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I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.