March 2022
Intermediate to advanced
293 pages
5h 31m
Chinese
Content preview from 精通区块链
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84 ｜ 第 3 章
网络上的大多数交易并没有使用隐私功能，研究结果显示，只有
3.5%
的大零
币由屏蔽地址持有。
我们将在第
7
章中更多地谈论这些以及其他的隐私问题。
3.7 Ripple
和
Stellar
由于软件分叉这种共识已经渗透到其他加密货币中，所以存在许多针对基于
比特币的工作量证明共识机制的批评。现存机制问题之一是，比特币等加
密网络的中心化程度越来越高。例如，根据剑桥替代金融中心（
Cambridge
Centre for Alternative Finance
）的数据，超过
65%
的比特币是在中国开采出
来的。
Ripple
和
Stellar
有一些共同的创始人和相同的技术特征，他们都是不
使用工作量证明挖矿的并取得了一定成功的加密货币。
随着比特币挖矿持续高涨的计算能力需求，能掌控如此能力的实体数量在减
少，因此只有少数实体可以完成更大份额的挖矿。
3.7.1 Ripple
Ripple
最初于
2012
年发布，是比特币最早和存在时间最长的替代品之一。与
同一时期的许多其他加密货币不同，
Ripple
的创始人的身份是众所周知的，
一位是杰德
·
麦卡勒布（
Jed McCaleb
），他是比特币交易所
Mt. Gox
创始
人，另外两位是
Arthur Britto
和
David Schwartz
。甚至还成立一家名为
Ripple
Labs
的公司，以支持
Ripple
区块链以及其原生货币
XRP
。对
XRP
和其区块链，
通常称为账本（
ledger
），
Ripple Labs
是最大的代码贡献者。
虽然早期
Ripple
是比特币的开源竞争对手，依靠第三方“网关”充当匿名汇 ...
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