March 2022
Intermediate to advanced
293 pages
5h 31m
Chinese
Content preview from 精通区块链
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120 ｜ 第 5 章
例如美元等货币就是一种同质化资产。一美元就是一美元，无论它是以硬币
或钞票的实物形式存在，还是以银行账户或其他金融服务的数字形式存在。
大多数加密货币，如比特币、以太币和
ERC-20
资产，也是同质化的。
像汽车或房屋这样的物品是不可伪造的，每件物品都是独一无二的，不能与
任何其他随机的汽车或房屋互换。
CryptoKitties
（迷恋猫，也叫加密猫，使用
以太坊
ERC-721
代币代表的数字猫），是另一个非同质化资产的例子（我们
将在本章后面更多讨论这个例子）。
创建代币是有意义的。加密货币市场是高度波动的。如果一个代币在交易所
上市并仅用于投机，其价格可能变得非常不稳定。
智能合约开发是计算机科学的一个新兴领域。强烈建议在你在发布代币之前，
让第三方审计机构（如
OpenZeppelin
，它为本章提供了背景资料）审查你的
代码。其他提供此类服务的知名公司有
Trail of Bits
和
Chainsecurity
。
以太坊提供了许多不同可供发行的代币类型。流行的类型有
ERC-20
、
ERC-
721
、
ERC-223
、
ERC-777
和
ERC-1400
。多样化的代币种类使开发者能够在
以太坊区块链之上创建不同类型的功能性加密货币。
详尽的以太坊代币标准清单可在
GitHub
上找到。清单上所列的一些代币标
准目前是实施的，而其他代币标准仅仅是提议的想法。
由于以太坊的性质，以太坊区块链上的新型加密货币可能为现实世界提供便
利。
ERC-846
规定了代币的共享所有权，是现实世界一个很好的用例。
5.1.2
代币的存在是必要的吗？ ...
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