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Volume 6A: Motif Programming Manual

Name: Volume 6A: Motif Programming Manual
ISBN: 9780596000431

by David Brennan, Dan Heller, Paula Ferguson

September 1993

Intermediate to advanced

1014 pages

28h 26m

English

O'Reilly Media, Inc.

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Motif Programming Manual (1/2)
Motif Programming Manual (2/2)
1 Preface
1.1 The Plot
1.2 Assumptions
1.3 How This Book Is Organized
1.4 Related Documents
1.5 Conventions Used in This Book
1.6 Obtaining Motif
1.7 Obtaining the Example Programs
1.7.1 FTP1.7.2 FTPMAIL
1.7.3 BITFTP
1.7.4 UUCP
1.7.5 Copyright1.7.6 Compiling the Example Programs1.8 Notes on Z-Mail

1.9 Acknowledgments
1.10 We'd Like to Hear From You
2 Introduction to Motif
2.1 A True Story
2.2 Basic User-interface Concepts
2.3 What Is Motif?
2.4 Designing User Interfaces
3 The Motif Programming Model
3.1 Basic X Toolkit Terminology and Concepts
3.2 The Xm and Xt Libraries
3.3 Programming With Xt and Motif
3.3.1 Header Files
3.3.2 Setting the Language Procedure
3.3.3 Initializing the Toolkit
3.3.4 Creating Widgets
3.3.5 Setting and Getting Widget Resources
3.3.6 Event Handling for Widgets
3.3.7 The Event Loop
3.4 Summary
4 Overview of the Motif Toolkit
4.1 The Motif Style
4.2 Application Controls
4.2.1 The Primitive Widget Class
4.2.2 Gadgets
4.3 Application Layout
4.3.1 The Manager Widget Class
4.3.2 Geometry Management
4.3.3 Gadget Management
4.3.4 Keyboard Traversal
4.4 Putting Together a Complete Application
4.4.1 The Main Window
4.4.2 Menus
4.4.3 The Window Manager
4.4.4 Dialogs
4.4.5 Pixmaps
4.4.6 Color
4.5 Changes in Motif 1.2
4.5.1 General Toolkit Changes
4.5.2 Specific Widget Changes
4.5.3 Changes to the Example Programs
4.6 Summary
5 The Main Window
5.1 Creating a MainWindow
5.2 The MenuBar
5.2.1 Creating a PulldownMenu
5.2.2 SimpleMenu Callback Routines
5.2.3 A Sample Application (1/2)
5.2.3 A Sample Application (2/2)
5.3 The Command and Message Areas
5.4 Using Resources
5.5 Summary
5.6 Exercises
6 Introduction to Dialogs
6.1 The Purpose of Dialogs
6.2 The Anatomy of a Dialog
6.3 Creating Motif Dialogs
6.3.1 Dialog Header Files
6.3.2 Creating a Dialog
6.3.3 Setting Resources
6.3.4 Dialog Management
6.3.5 Closing Dialogs
6.3.6 Generalizing Dialog Creation
6.4 Dialog Resources
6.4.1 The Default Button
6.4.2 Initial Keyboard Focus
6.4.3 Button Sizes
6.4.4 The Dialog Title
6.4.5 Dialog Resizing
6.4.6 Dialog Fonts
6.5 Dialog Callback Routines
6.6 Piercing the Dialog Abstraction
6.6.1 Convenience Routines
6.6.2 The DialogShell
6.6.3 Internal Widgets
6.7 Dialog Modality
6.7.1 Implementing Modal Dialogs
6.7.2 Forcing an Immediate Response (1/2)
6.7.2 Forcing an Immediate Response (2/2)
6.8 Summary
7 Selection Dialogs
7.1 Types of SelectionDialogs
7.2 SelectionDialogs
7.2.1 Callback Routines
7.2.2 Internal Widgets
7.3 PromptDialogs
7.4 The Command Widget
7.5 FileSelectionDialogs
7.5.1 Creating a FileSelectionDialog
7.5.2 Internal Widgets
7.5.3 Callback Routines
7.5.4 File Searching
7.6 Summary
8 Custom Dialogs
8.1 Modifying Motif Dialogs8.1.1 Modifying MessageDialogs
8.1.2 Modifying SelectionDialogs
8.2 Designing New Dialogs
8.2.1 The Shell
8.2.2 The Manager Child
8.2.3 The Control Area
8.2.4 The Action Area
8.3 Building a Dialog (1/2)
8.3 Building a Dialog (2/2)
8.3.1 The Shell
8.3.2 The Manager Child
8.3.3 The Control Area
8.3.4 The Action Area
8.4 Generalizing the Action Area (1/2)
8.4 Generalizing the Action Area (2/2)
8.5 Using a TopLevelShell for a Dialog
8.6 Positioning Dialogs
8.7 Summary
9 Manager Widgets
9.1 Types of Manager Widgets
9.2 Creating Manager Widgets
9.3 The BulletinBoard Widget
9.3.1 Resources
9.3.2 Geometry Management
9.4 The Form Widget
9.4.1 Form Attachments
9.4.2 Attachment Offsets
9.4.3 Position Attachments
9.4.4 Additional Resources
9.4.5 Nested Forms
9.4.6 Common Problems
9.5 The RowColumn Widget
9.5.1 Rows and Columns
9.5.2 Homogeneous Children
9.5.3 Callbacks
9.6 The Frame Widget
9.7 The PanedWindow Widget
9.7.1 Pane Constraints
9.7.2 Sashes
9.8 Keyboard Traversal
9.8.1 Turning Traversal Off
9.8.2 Modifying Tab Groups
9.8.3 Handling Event Translations
9.8.4 Processing Traversal Manually
9.9 Summary
10 ScrolledWindows and ScrollBars
10.1 The ScrolledWindow Design Model10.1.1 The Automatic Scrolling Model
10.1.2 The Application-defined Scrolling Model
10.2 Creating a ScrolledWindow
10.2.1 Automatic Scrolling
10.2.2 Application-defined Scrolling
10.2.3 Additional Resources10.2.4 An Automatic ScrolledWindow Example
10.3 Working Directly With ScrollBars
10.3.1 Resources
10.3.2 Orientation
10.3.3 Callback Routines
10.4 Implementing True Application-defined Scrolling (1/2)
10.4 Implementing True Application-defined Scrolling (2/2)
10.5 Working With Keyboard Traversal in ScrolledWindows
10.6 Summary
10.7 Exercises
11 The DrawingArea Widget
11.1 Creating a DrawingArea Widget
11.2 Using DrawingArea Callback Functions
11.2.1 Handling Input Events
11.2.2 Redrawing a DrawingArea
11.3 Using Translations on a DrawingArea (1/2)
11.3 Using Translations on a DrawingArea (2/2)
11.4 Using Color in a DrawingArea
11.5 Summary
11.6 Exercises
12 Labels and Buttons
12.1 Labels
12.1.1 Creating a Label
12.1.2 Text Labels
12.1.3 Images as Labels
12.1.4 Label Sensitivity
12.1.5 Label Alignment
12.1.6 Multi-line and Multi-font Labels
12.2 PushButtons
12.2.1 PushButton Callbacks
12.2.2 Multiple Button Clicks
12.3 ToggleButtons
12.3.1 Creating ToggleButtons
12.3.2 ToggleButton Resources
12.3.3 ToggleButton Pixmaps
12.3.4 ToggleButton Callbacks
12.3.5 RadioBoxes
12.3.6 CheckBoxes
12.4 ArrowButtons
12.5 DrawnButtons
12.6 Summary
12.7 Exercise
13 The List Widget
13.1 Creating a List Widget
13.2 Using ScrolledLists
13.3 Manipulating Items
13.3.1 Adding Items
13.3.2 Finding Items
13.3.3 Replacing Items
13.3.4 Deleting Items
13.3.5 Selecting Items
13.3.6 An Example
13.4 Positioning the List
13.5 List Callback Routines
13.5.1 The Default Action
13.5.2 Browse and Single Selection Callbacks
13.5.3 Multiple Selection Callback
13.5.4 Extended Selection Callback
13.6 Summary
13.7 Exercises
14 The Scale Widget
14.1 Creating a Scale Widget
14.2 Scale Values
14.3 Scale Orientation and Movement
14.4 Scale Callbacks
14.5 Scale Tick Marks
14.6 Summary
15 Text Widgets
15.1 Interacting With Text Widgets
15.1.1 Inserting Text
15.1.2 Selecting Text
15.2 Text Widget Basics
15.2.1 The Textual Data
15.2.2 Single and Multiple Lines
15.2.3 Scrollable Text (1/2)
15.2.3 Scrollable Text (2/2)
15.2.4 Text Positions (1/2)
15.2.4 Text Positions (2/2)
15.2.5 Output-only Text
15.3 Text Clipboard Functions
15.3.1 Getting the Selection
15.3.2 Modifying the Selection Mechanisms
15.4 A Text Editor (1/2)
15.4 A Text Editor (2/2)
15.5 Text Callbacks
15.5.1 The Activation Callback
15.5.2 Text Modification Callbacks (1/2)
15.5.2 Text Modification Callbacks (2/2)
15.5.3 The Cursor Movement Callback
15.5.4 Focus Callbacks
15.6 Text Widget Internationalization15.6.1 Text Representation
15.6.2 Text Output
15.6.3 Text Input
15.7 Summary
15.8 Exercises
16 Menus
16.1 Menu Types
16.2 Creating Simple Menus
16.2.1 Popup Menus
16.2.2 Cascading Menus
16.2.3 Option Menus
16.3 Designing Menu Systems
16.3.1 Menu Titles
16.3.2 Menu Items
16.3.3 Mnemonics
16.3.4 Accelerators
16.3.5 The Help Menu
16.3.6 Sensitivity
16.3.7 Tear-Off Menus
16.4 General Menu Creation Techniques
16.4.1 Building Pulldown Menus
16.4.2 Building Cascading Menus
16.4.3 Building Popup Menus (1/2)
16.4.3 Building Popup Menus (2/2)
16.4.4 Building Option Menus
16.5 Summary
16.6 Exercises
17 Interacting With the Window Manager
17.1 Interclient Communication
17.2 Shell Resources
17.2.1 Shell Positions
17.2.2 Shell Sizes
17.2.3 The Shell's Icon
17.3 VendorShell Resources
17.3.1 Window Manager Decorations
17.3.2 Window Menu Functions
17.4 Handling Window Manager Messages
17.4.1 Adding New Protocols
17.4.2 Saving Application State
17.5 Customized Protocols
17.6 Summary
17.7 Exercises
18 The Clipboard
18.1 Simple Clipboard Copy and Retrieval
18.1.1 Copying Data
18.1.2 Retrieving Data
18.1.3 Querying the Clipboard for Data Size
18.2 Copy by Name
18.3 Clipboard Data Formats
18.4 The Primary Selection and the Clipboard
18.4.1 Clipboard Functions With Text Widgets
18.4.2 The Owner of the Selection
18.5 Implementation Issues
18.6 Summary
19 Drag and Drop
19.1 Using Drag and Drop
19.2 The Drag and Drop Model
19.2.1 The Drag Source
19.2.2 The Drop Site
19.2.3 The Drag Icon
19.2.4 Protocols
19.2.5 The Programming Model
19.3 Customizing Built-in Drag and Drop
19.3.1 Specifying the Drag Protocol
19.3.2 Turning Off Drag and Drop Functionality
19.3.3 Modifying the Visual Effects
19.4 Working With Drag Sources (1/2)
19.4 Working With Drag Sources (2/2)
19.4.1 Creating a Drag Source
19.4.2 Starting the Drag
19.4.3 Converting the Data
19.4.4 Modifying an Existing Drag Source
19.4.5 Providing Custom Drag-over Visuals
19.4.6 Cleaning Up
19.5 Working With Drop Sites (1/2)
19.5 Working With Drop Sites (2/2)
19.5.1 Creating a Drop Site
19.5.2 Modifying an Existing Drop Site
19.5.3 Handling the Drop
19.5.4 Providing Help
19.5.5 Providing Custom Drag-under Visuals
19.6 Summary
20 Compound Strings
20.1 Internationalized Text Output
20.2 Creating Compound Strings
20.2.1 The Simple Case
20.2.2 Font List Tags
20.2.3 Compound String Segments
20.2.4 Multiple-font Strings
20.3 Manipulating Compound Strings
20.3.1 Compound String Functions
20.3.2 Compound String Retrieval
20.3.3 Compound String Conversion
20.4 Working With Font Lists
20.4.1 Creating Font Lists
20.4.2 Retrieving Font Lists
20.4.3 Querying Font Lists
20.5 Rendering Compound Strings
20.6 Summary
21 Signal Handling
21.1 Handling Signals in Xlib
21.2 Handling Signals in Xt
21.3 An Example
21.4 Additional Issues
21.5 Summary
22 Advanced Dialog Programming
22.1 Help Systems
22.1.1 Multi-level Help
22.1.2 Context-sensitive Help
22.2 Working Dialogs
22.2.1 Using Work Procedures
22.2.2 Using Timers
22.2.3 Processing Events
22.2.4 Updating the Display
22.2.5 Avoiding Forks
22.3 Dynamic Message Symbols
22.4 Summary
23 Introduction to UIL
23.1 Overview of UIL and Mrm23.1.1 Using UIL and Mrm
23.1.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of UIL
23.2 The
23.3 Describing an Interface With UIL
23.3.1 Starting and Ending a Module
23.3.2 Specifying Module-wide Options
23.3.3 Include Files
23.3.4 Adding Comments23.3.5 Overview of UIL Language Syntax
23.3.6 Sections of a UIL Module
23.4 Compiling the UIL Module
23.5 Structure of an Mrm Application
23.5.1 Initializing the Application
23.5.2 Creating the Interface
23.5.3 Displaying the Interface
23.6 Summary
24 Using the UIL Compiler
24.1 Compiler Options24.1.1 Output File24.1.2 Include Path
24.1.3 Generate Listing
24.1.4 Set Locale
24.1.5 Suppress Warnings
24.1.6 Machine Listing24.1.7 Use WML Description24.2 Errors, Warnings, and Informational Messages24.2.1 Severe Error Messages24.2.2 Regular Error Messages
24.2.3 Warning Messages
24.2.4 Informational Messages
24.3 Summary
25 Creating a User Interface With UIL
25.1 Viewing UIL Examples
25.2 Defining and Creating Widgets
25.2.1 Specifying Widget Attributes (1/2)
25.2.1 Specifying Widget Attributes (2/2)
25.2.2 Sharing Widgets Among Modules
25.2.3 The Widget Creation Process
25.3 Defining and Fetching Values
25.3.1 Sharing Values Between Modules
25.3.2 Fetching Values
25.3.3 Numeric Values
25.3.4 Text-related Values (1/2)
25.3.4 Text-related Values (2/2)
25.3.5 Colors
25.3.6 Pixmaps
25.3.7 Widget Classes
25.3.8 Keysyms
25.3.9 Translation Tables
25.4 Working With Callbacks
25.5 Using Lists
25.6 Exporting Application Data
25.6.1 Declaring Identifiers in UIL25.6.2 Exporting Identifiers From Application Code
25.7 Summary
26 Building an Application With UIL
26.1 Defining the User Interface
26.1.1 The Main Application Window
26.1.2 The Menu System
26.1.3 Dialog Boxes
26.2 Creating the Application (1/2)
26.2 Creating the Application (2/2)
26.2.1 Widget IDs
26.2.2 Callbacks
26.2.3 The Error Dialog
26.3 Summary
27 Advanced UIL Programming
27.1 Using Non-Motif Widgets27.1.1 The Widget Creation Procedure
27.1.2 Widget Include Files
27.1.3 Creating User-defined Widgets
27.2 Organizing UIL Modules
27.2.1 Using Separate Modules
27.2.2 Organizing Within a Module27.2.3 Supporting Internationalization
27.2.4 Organizing With Include Files
27.2.5 Creating Reusable Components
27.3 Specifying Resource Values
27.3.1 Resource Name Checking27.3.2 Resource Type Checking
27.3.3 Resource Type Support
27.3.4 Callback Specifications27.3.5 Wildcard Specification
27.3.6 User Customization
27.3.7 Dynamic Updating27.3.8 Guidelines for Setting Resources
27.4 Using Lists Effectively
27.4.1 Specifying Common Resources
27.4.2 Reusing Components
27.5 Prototyping an Interface With UIL
27.5.1 Managing Widgets
27.5.2 Creating Widgets
27.6 Summary
28 Additional Example Programs
28.1 A Postcard Interface for Mail
28.2 A Bitmap Display Utility (1/2)
28.2 A Bitmap Display Utility (2/2)
28.3 A Memo Calendar (1/2)
28.3 A Memo Calendar (2/2)

Content preview from Volume 6A: Motif Programming Manual

23 Introduction to UIL

This chapter provides a basic introduction to the User Interface Language (UIL) and the Motif Resource Manager

(Mrm). The chapter describes UIL and Mrm, talks about how to use them, and discusses the advantages and

disadvantages of using them to create a user interface. It also presents a "Hello, World" application that is meant to

provide you with a basic understanding of how to use both UIL and Mrm to develop an application with Motif.

In this chapter, we introduce the OSF/Motif User Interface Language (UIL) and the Motif Resource Manager (Mrm).

We begin by explaining the purpose and capabilities of UIL and Mrm. Then we describe the structure of both a UIL

module and a program that uses Mrm by walking through the traditional "Hello World" application. The example

gives you an overview of how a user interface is described with UIL and created with Mrm. For the most part we

concentrate on the big picture and leave the discussion of low−level details until Chapter 24, Creating a User

Interface With UIL.

In all of these chapters on UIL, we assume that you are familiar with the basics of the X Toolkit (Xt) and the concepts

of Motif programming discussed earlier in this book. At the very least, you must understand the process of widget

creation and the concept of widget resources. (Xt programming is covered in Volume Four, X Toolkit Intrinsics

Programming Manual, and you can find references for Xt and Motif in Volume Five, X Toolkit Intrinsics Reference

Manual; and Volume ...

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ISBN: 9780596000431

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Volume 6A: Motif Programming Manual

by David Brennan, Dan Heller, Paula Ferguson

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