
Chapter 12
PB
Analysis of Variance and Experimental Designs
453
statistics: Pillai’s Trace, Wilks’ Lambda, Hotelling’s Trace and Roy’s largest root. Each statistics
is being used for testing the null hypothesis that the population means for the multiple depend-
ent variables are equal across the group. Each statistic is indicating different F values, so, right
selection of any of these statistics is extremely important.
Hotelling’s Trace is used when independent variable has exactly two groups. In case, inde-
pendent variables have more than two groups, Wilks’ Lambda should be used. It is similar to
F-Test of univariate ANOVA. Free from restriction ...