
10.5 Topology, Sizing, Placement, and Routing of Circuits
transistors. These include amplifiers (evolved using multiobjective fitness mea-
sures that consider gain, distortion, bandwidth, parts count, power consump-
tion, and power supply rejection ratio), computational circuits (square root,
squaring, cube root, cubing, logarithmic, and Gaussian), time-optimal controller
circuits, source identification circuits, temperature-sensing circuits, and voltage
reference circuits (Koza et al. 1999a, 1999b).
The amplifiers, computational circuits, electronic thermometers, and volt-
age reference circuits were