July 2001
Intermediate to advanced
576 pages
27h 16m
English
Content preview from Creative Evolutionary Systems
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1.3 Design Issues
be completely embedded within the physical environment. Pattee's arguments
also suggest the need for material, rather than purely formal, models--an issue
to be discussed in Section 1.3.6.
To end this section, let us look at Holland's (1995) work with the "Echo"
model of complex adaptive systems. Echo possesses many of the features that I
have just argued are desirable for a model of open-ended evolution. For exam-
ple, selection is determined intrinsically by interactions between Echo organisms
(or to use Holland's terminology, "agents"), rather than by an externally defined
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