
21 Evolutionary Techniques in Physical Robotics
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high several times in the pastmthe early days of AI brought us Shakey the robot
(Nilsson 1969), and the 1980s the "subsumption architecture" (Brooks 1991).
Yet today, fully autonomous robots with minds of their own are not a reality.
The central issue we begin to address is how to get a higher level of complex
physicality under control with less human design cost. We seek more controlled
and moving mechanical parts, more sensors, more nonlinear interacting degrees
of freedomBwithout entailing huge costs of human design, ...