Current Sources and Voltage References

xiii

Figures

List of Figures and Photos

Figure 1.1 Pioneers of the industry’s earliest JFETs and CRDs 3

Figure 1.2 Examples of Widlar current sources 4

Figure 1.3 Precision reference circuits from the mid-1970s 5

Figure 1.4 National Semiconductor’s LM109 regulator 6

Figure 1.5 Robert Dobkin’s novel buried-zener structure 7

Figure 1.6 LM134 monolithic adjustable current source 8

Figure 1.7 Analog Devices’ XFET

®

voltage reference 10

Photo 1.1 A photomicrograph of Intersil’s x60008 reference 12

Figure 2.1 A typical transistor amplifier’s Q-point 14

Figure 2.2 Common current source symbols 15

Figure 2.3 Examples of different types of current sources