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Chapter 14
Characteristics of Monolithic Voltage References
Since the introduction of the discrete zener diode in the early 1960s, monolithic volt-
age references have evolved over many generations, so that today they are available
in various distinct categories. These include the bandgap, the buried-zener, the
XFET
®
from Analog Devices, along with the FGA™ from Xicor/Intersil. IC voltage ref-
erences are now manufactured using various different processes (e.g., bipolar-FET,
complementary-bipolar, bipolar-CMOS, CMOS), which has brought about lower noise,
improved initial accuracy, smaller chips and packages, and lower-power devices. As a
result, ...