Designing Training and Instructional Programs for Older Adults

151Chapter eight: Methods and approaches to instruction and training

require deep meaningful learning, such as learning to use an appliance,

primarily emphasize recurrent skills. However, the distinction between

recurrent and nonrecurrent skills is important because the learning pro-

cesses associated with the formation of these skills and the instructional

methods that support these processes are fundamentally different.

Generally, most instructional models, including the 4C/ID model,

assert that for any instructional or training program to be effective three

basic conditions must be met. First, training and instruction programs

must promote the achievement of the following learning goals: the coor-

dination of all skills requi