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chapter nine
Instructional system design
9.1 Historical background
Instructional system design (ISD) refers to a systematic design method for
developing a training or instructional program. This training program
can, in principle, target large numbers of individuals, ranging from those
employed in government and the military, to students in educational
institutions, to workers in the industrial sector who require retraining.
Although the origin of the ISD label is obscure, the underlying con-
cepts of ISD can be traced to the model that was developed for the U.S.
Armed Forces in the mid-1970s. Specically, as recounted by Branson (1978 ...