Thermocouples
A thermocouple (or TC) is a form of temperature-sensing apparatus that doesn't rely on an excitation signal to operate. Therefore, they produce very small signals (often microvolts in amplitude). Two wires of two different materials meet where a temperature measurement is to be sampled. Each metal develops a voltage differential independently of each other. This effect is known as the Seebeck electromotive effect, in which the difference between the voltage of the two metals has a nonlinear relationship to the temperature.
The magnitude of the voltage depends on the metal material chosen. It is critical that the ends of the wires are thermally isolated from the system (and the wires need to be at the same controlled temperature). ...
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