book

Mac OS X in a Nutshell

by Jason McIntosh, Chuck Toporek, Chris Stone

January 2003

Intermediate to advanced

832 pages

32h 40m

English

O'Reilly Media, Inc.

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The Layers of Mac OS X
Who This Book Is forWho This Book Isn’t for
Acknowledgments for Jason McIntoshAcknowledgments for Chuck ToporekAcknowledgments for Chris Stone
The Mac Desktop
Menu BasicsCommandsSubmenusContextual MenusThe Apple MenuForce-quitting applicationsThe Application MenuStandard Application MenusMenu Extras

Application IconsAdding and removing applications from the DockDock MenusDisk, Folder, and File IconsMinimized WindowsThe FinderThe DividerTrashDeleting filesUnmounting disksRemoving other stuffDock Shortcuts
Window ControlsDocument WindowsToolbarsWindow TypesDialogs: windows and sheetsDrawersInterleaving windows
The Open WindowThe Save WindowChoosing a filenameChoosing a location
Startup and Shutdown Keys
Finder OverviewThe Finder ToolbarCustomizing the Toolbar
Icon ViewIcon View’s optionsList ViewSorting a List ViewList View’s optionsArranging columns in List ViewColumn ViewColumn View’s optionsResizing column widthsFinder Preferences
The Finder’s Application MenuThe File MenuThe Edit MenuThe View MenuThe Go MenuThe Window MenuThe Help MenuBasic Keyboard ShortcutsKeyboard NavigationSelecting iconsOpening icons and navigating folders
DisksFilesApplicationsDocumentsBinding documents to applicationsFoldersBundlesAliases
File PermissionsMoving and Copying ObjectsCreating AliasesRenaming ObjectsFilename RulesMoving Objects to the Trash
Finding Files Through the FinderRapid Searching Within Finder WindowsFinding Files by ContentFinding Files with the TerminalThe locate commandSearching file content with grepfind
Changes to Mac OS X from Mac OS 9The Apple MenuThink System Preferences, Not Control PanelsOther Missing Items
Classic Applications and Memory
Classic’s Menu BarClassic Application WindowsThe Dock and ClassicForce-Quitting Classic Applications
Using System PreferencesThe Toolbar
PersonalDesktopDockGeneralInternationalLogin ItemsMy AccountScreen EffectsHardwareCDs & DVDsColorSyncDisplaysEnergy SaverKeyboardMouseSoundBluetoothInkInternet & NetworkInternetNetworkQuickTimeSharingSystemAccountsClassicDate & TimeSoftware UpdateSpeechStartup DiskUniversal Access
Activating Speech RecognitionSpeakable ItemsCustomizing Speakable Items
ApplicationsUtilities
Software InstallersUninstalling applicationsThe authentication lockInstalling Mac OS 9 ApplicationsDisk ImagesFile CompressionCleaning Up
Networking BasicsThe Network PaneChoosing network interfacesConfiguring TCP/IPOther configurationsLocationsAdding and using locationsEditing and removing locationsConnecting Through Dialup
Mounting Through the FinderConnecting to AFP sharesConnecting to SMB/CIFS sharesMounting WebDAV sitesNFSMounting Disks Through the Terminal
Alternative BrowsersChanging the Default BrowserBrowsing in the Terminal
Passive FTP Mode
Launching VNCConnecting to the Mac OS X VNC ServerMac OS X VNC Viewers
How Printing Works
Saving Your Printing SettingsApplication-Specific Print OptionsThe Simplified Print Sheet
The Printer ListAdding and configuring printersModifying list entriesPrinter Queues
Web-Based Print AdministrationCommand-Line ToolsPrinter Classes
Printer Sharing Through the Sharing Pane
Sharing Through cupsd.conf
Mac OS X FilesystemsDifferences Between HFS+ and UFSFile ForksAttribute forksOther Supported Filesystem Formats
DomainsSpecial FoldersUser directoriesThe Library folder
Seeing Hidden FilesDotfilesExploring rootHidden Mac OS 9 filesHidden Darwin files
Owners and GroupsViewing and Modifying File Permissions
How Java Works
Applets in a Web BrowserApplets in Applet Launcher
Class PathsOther Command-Line Tools
Acting as RootUsing sudoThe Root User Account
Managing Users Through the Accounts PaneNonhuman User AccountsManaging Groups
Overview of TCP/IPIP addressesGateways and routingConfiguring TCP/IPifconfigTroubleshooting TCP/IPMore about port scanning
Mounting NFSStatic NFS mountingNFS through automountDaemonsExporting filesystemsNFS and network securityMac OS X’s FirewallUsing the ipfw commandThrough the Sharing paneInternet sharingSharing over AirPort
Booting into Single-User ModeExiting Single-User Mode
Open Directory Overview
ServicesAuthentication and Contacts
NetInfo DomainsLocal domainsShared domainsDirectoriesBuilding a NetInfo HierarchyBinding stylesConfiguring bindingsDomain replication
Command-Line NetInfo ToolsNetInfo ManagerCreating new directoriesModifying propertiesNetInfo Manager Preferences
Network Services Overview
Running Services Through the Sharing Pane
Mail Transport Agents (sendmail)Using sendmailAlternative mail agentsMail Delivery Agents
Apache ConfigurationApache Modules
Enabling Anonymous FTP
The Secure ShellTelnetThe Remote Shell
Manually Running StartupItemsThe /etc/hostconfig FileStartupParameters.plist
Elements of a DAMP System
Choosing a LanguagePreparing the Language for Database ConnectionsSetting Up MySQLInstalling MySQLStarting the databaseSetting Up ApacheActivating PHPActivating mod_perl
Getting the Developer Tools
Finding DocumentationClass and method documentationManualpagesProject TypesDocument-based applicationsBuilding ProjectsTargetsBuild stylesUsing the Debugger
Frameworks
The Script Menu Extra
About Apple EventsThe Five-Minute Guide to AppleScriptAppleScript syntax summaryExtending AppleScriptScript EditorCreating, compiling, and running scriptsRecording scriptsSaving scriptsTesting scriptsAppleScript Studio
Types of Text Files
TextEdit
viCommand-line syntaxCommand modeInsert modeSyntax of vi commandsExamplesStatus-line commandsMovement CommandsCharacterTextLinesScreensSearchesLine numberingMarking positionEdit CommandsInserting new textChanging and deleting textCopying and movingSaving and ExitingAccessing Multiple FilesInteracting with UnixMacrosMiscellaneous CommandsAlphabetical List of KeysSetting Up viThe :set commandOptions used by :setExample .exrc fileEmacsNotes on the tablesAbsolutely essential commandsSummary of Commands by GroupFile-handling commandsCursor-movement commandsDeletion commandsParagraphs and regionsStopping and undoing commandsTransposition commandsCapitalization commandsWord-abbreviation commandsBuffer-manipulation commandsWindow commandsSpecial shell charactersIndentation commandsCentering commandsMacro commandsBasic indentation commandsDetail information help commandsHelp commandsSummary of Commands by KeyControl-key sequencesMeta-key sequencesSummary of Commands by NameExtending EmacsThe .emacs fileGUI EmacsChoosing a Default Editor
Unicode on Mac OS X
Basic ConceptsLocking and MergingConflicts and MergingTaggingBranchingCVS Command FormatCommon Global OptionsGotchas
Creating a RepositorySetting up the password serverSecurity IssuesRepository StructureThe CVSROOT directoryThe checkoutlist fileThe commitinfo fileThe config fileThe cvsignore fileThe cvswrappers fileThe history fileThe loginfo fileThe modules fileThe notify fileThe passwd fileThe rcsinfo fileThe readers fileThe taginfo fileThe users fileThe verifymsg fileThe writers fileHacking the RepositoryRestructuring a projectBulk importingImportingImporting code snapshotsImporting from RCSUsing an Interim Shared SandboxGlobal Server OptionAdministrator Commands
Repository LocatorsConfiguring CVSCreating a SandboxSandbox Structure.cvsignore files.cvswrappers filesCVS directoriesClient Global OptionsCommon Client OptionsDate formatsKeyword substitutionsUser Commands
Activating the CVS MenuProject Builder’s CVS MenuThe CVS Status ColumnUsing the FileMerge Application
Using the TerminalTerminal PreferencesSetting a default shellThe Terminal InspectorSaving and Loading Terminals
Seeing processesSending signals with kill and killall
GLtermxtermMac OS X’s Console Mode
Filenames Versus Patterns
Search PatternsReplacement Patterns
General patternsEgrep and awk PatternsEx and vi PatternsEd, sed and grep PatternsExamples of Searching and Replacing
Introduction to the Shell
Common FeaturesDiffering FeaturesConfiguring Shells
SyntaxSpecial FilesFilename MetacharactersExamplesQuotingExamplesCommand FormsExamplesRedirection FormsSimple RedirectionSimple redirectionMultiple redirectionExamples
Variable substitutionExamplesVariable ModifiersExamples using pathname modifiersExamples using quoting modifiersPredefined Shell VariablesFormatting for the Prompt VariableSample .cshrc FileEnvironment Variables
OperatorsAssignment operatorsAssignment operatorsArithmetic operatorsBitwise and logical operatorsComparison operatorsFile inquiry operatorsExamples
Command SubstitutionCommand Substitution ExamplesWord SubstitutionWord Substitution ExamplesHistory ModifiersPrinting, substitution, and quotingTruncationHistory Modifier ExamplesSpecial Aliases in tcsh
CompletionRelated Shell VariablesRelated Command-Line Editor CommandsRelated Shell built-insCommand-Line Editing with tcshEmacs modevi mode
Property Lists
Using the Property List EditorThe defaults CommandDefaults referenceHost-Specific Preferences
Installing the X Windows SystemManually Installing the X Window System
Running XDarwin from the Console
Package ManagersFinkGNU Mac OS X Packages
Alphabetical Summary of Commands
Books
Apple-Run Mailing ListsOmni Group’s Mailing Lists
Apple SitesDeveloperDiscussions and NewsRumor SitesSoftwareTips, Tricks, Advice

Content preview from Mac OS X in a Nutshell

Chapter 3. Mac OS 9, Mac OS X,and Classic

Mac OS X is way ahead of its time. When Apple developed this hybrid operating system, they knew it would take a while for application developers to Carbonize their applications to run on Mac OS X. Rather than locking out older software entirely, Apple made it possible to run both Mac OS 9 and Mac OS X on the same system, and took it a step further by building a Mac OS 9 virtual machine into Mac OS X, called The Classic Environment, or just Classic.

This chapter covers some of the changes between Mac OS 9 and Mac OS X, and introduces you to Classic.

Changes to Mac OS X from Mac OS 9

There are many noticeable changes in the user interface from earlier versions of the Mac OS to Mac OS X, while others may not be so apparent. Two of the biggest changes from Mac OS 9 to Mac OS X can be found in the Apple menu and the Control Panels.

The Apple Menu

The Apple menu, displayed as an apple symbol (

) in the menu bar, is completely different. For Mac OS 9 users, the thing that will probably impact you most is that you can no longer store aliases for files, folders, or applications here. Here’s what you’ll find in Mac OS X’s Apple menu:

About This Mac: This option pops open a window that supplies you with information about your Mac. Aside from telling you that you’re running Mac OS X on your computer, the window shows you which version of Mac OS X is installed, ...