
550 Model-Based Testing for Embedded Systems
When models start to be used, various additional variants become possible. First typi-
cally a so-called physical model
∗
is created, which captures customer requirements and is
used in a very early stage of development to validate system concepts (Lamberg et al. 2004,
Tung 2007, Bringmann and Kr¨amer 2008). The term physical model is used here to refer
to a functional model, which does not take into account any target implementation con-
straints. Once a physical model is developed and validated against customer requirements
(expectations), it can be used to develop an implementation model (Lamberg et al. ...