
Metastructures, Concepts, and Tools of NI | 101
In addition to these three core sciences, other sciences may be required to solve
informatics issues. James Turley (1996) expanded the model of NI to include cog-
nitive science. Certainly the cognitive aspect of humans is a critical piece for the
informatics nurse specialist (INS) and the informatics nurse (IN) to under-
stand. However, other sciences may be equally as critical depending on the issue
at hand. For example, if the INS is dealing with a systems implementation in an
institution, an understanding of organizational theory may be germane to suc-
cessful implementation (Staggers & Thompson,