January 2021
Intermediate to advanced
505 pages
9h 45m
Chinese
Content preview from PHP编程：第4版
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345
第 16 章
网页服务
从历史上来看，每当两个系统需要沟通时，就会诞生一个新的协议（例如，
SMTP
用来
发送邮件 ；
POP3
用来接收邮件 ；以及各种数据库客户端及服务器用的协议）。网页服务
的作用是为远程处理调用提供标准化的机制，它基于
XML
和
HTTP
。
网页服务使得不同系统的集成变得简单。例如，你要为已有的图书馆系统编写网页接口。
它有复杂的数据库表系统和很多操作表格业务逻辑的程序代码，并且是用
C++
写的。你
可以用
PHP
重写业务逻辑，写大量的代码来用正确的方式操作表。你也可以用
C++
写
一些数据库操作代码（如借书给用户、查看书什么时候还、查看用户的过期罚款），并
把它作为网页服务。现在你的
PHP
代码只需要处理网页前端，它可以用图书馆服务做所
有重量级的事情。
REST
客户端
RESTful
网页服务是一个宽泛的术语，它描述了用
HTTP
和
REST
（表现层状态转移）原
则实现网页的
API
。一个
RESTful
网页服务描述了一个资源集合，客户端可以通过
API
的基本操作处理这些资源。
例如，一个
API
可以描述作者和这些作者所贡献图书的集合。每个数据的对象类型是不
固定的。在这个例子中，一个“资源”是单独的作者、单独的书和所有作者、所有图书
和所有作者贡献的书的集合。每个资源必须有一个唯一标识符，以便在调用
API
时知道
获取或操作了什么资源。
你可以用一些类的集合来代表图书和作者资源，如示例
16-1
所示。
346
｜
第
16
章
网页服务
示例16-1：图书和作者类
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O’Reilly covers everything we've got, with content to help us build a world-class technology community, upgrade the capabilities and competencies of our teams, and improve overall team performance as well as their engagement.Julian F.
I wanted to learn C and C++, but it didn't click for me until I picked up an O'Reilly book. When I went on the O’Reilly platform, I was astonished to find all the books there, plus live events and sandboxes so you could play around with the technology.Addison B.
I’ve been on the O’Reilly platform for more than eight years. I use a couple of learning platforms, but I'm on O'Reilly more than anybody else. When you're there, you start learning. I'm never disappointed.Amir M.
I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.