Architectural Patterns

Domain services

In ubiquitous language, there are situations where actions cannot be attributed to any specific entity or value object, and those operations can be termed as domain service (not an application service).

Domain services encapsulate the domain logic and concepts that may not be modeled as entities or value objects, and they are responsible for orchestrating business logic using entities and value objects. The following are a few characteristics/features of domain services:

• Domain services neither have identity nor state
• Any operation performed by the domain services does not belong to any of the existing entities
• Any domain operation in the domain service carry specific objects of the domain model

The following class diagram ...