Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration

368 Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration

long-term negative effects on the body. The views on nanospheres inter-

action in vivo have changed with the introduction of the biocorona con-

cept (Fadeel, 2012). In biological  uids biomolecules (proteins and lipids)

adsorb on the nanosphere’s surface, constituting a biomolecular corona.

There is evidence that this biocoating is a long-lasting structure (Monopoli

et al ., 2011) and is responsible for the fate of the nanoparticles once they

are introduced into the body (cell uptake and signalling). The composition

and structure of a biocorona depends signi cantly on the size and surface

of the nanoparticle, its polarity, functionalities and texture. Up to now no

evident negative effects of nanoparticles ...