Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration

Potential of electromagnetic and ultrasound stimulations 449

the following parameters: intensity of the magnetic  eld = 2 ± 0.2 mT, ampli-

tude of the induced electric tension = 5 ± 1 mV, signal frequency = 75 ± 2 Hz,

and pulse duration = 1.3 ms. The electromagnetic bioreactor was placed into

a standard cell culture incubator at 37 ° C in the presence of 5% CO

2

. The

electromagnetic culture was stimulated by the PEMF 24 h/day for a total of

22 days. The culture medium was changed on days 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, and 19.

15.2.4 Ultrasound stimulus

An ultrasound stimulus (Fassina, 2009, 2010a) was applied through the cul-

ture medium by a FAST ultrasound generator (Igea, Carpi, Italy) to the

seeded gelatin cryogels. The mechanical wave ...