Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration

Photopolymerization-based additive manufacturing 173

molecular macromer modi ed with photoreactive groups. Mostly acrylate

groups are used due to good reactivity, though unreacted acrylate groups

may be irritant and cause in ammation. This is the reason for the use of

less toxic methacrylate and fumarate groups at the expense of low fabrica-

tion speed. Vinyl ester and vinyl carbonate groups overcome the unfavorable

properties of previously mentioned reactive groups. However, the synthetic

routes are either complicated or expensive. The backbone of the macromer

dictates the mechanical, surface, and degradation properties of the  nal