book

Biomaterials for MEMS

by Mu Chiao, Jung-Chih Chiao

March 2011

Intermediate to advanced

292 pages

11h 3m

English

CRC Press

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Front Cover
Preface
Contents
Chapter One Introduction
1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.2 MICROMACHINING OF BIOMATERIALS
1.3 BIOMEDICAL MICRODEVICES
1.4 ORGANIZATION OF THE BOOK
Chapter Two Spider Silk as a MEMS Material
2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.2 THIN-FILM SPIDER SILK PREPARATION
2.3 CHARACTERIZATION2.3.1 SEM and EDS
2.3.2 TEM
2.3.3 FTIR

2.3.4 Squid
2.3.5 Micromachining and Mechanical Testing of a Spider Silk Microbridge
2.3.6 Actuation of a Magnetic Spider Silk Microstructure
2.4 CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK
2.5 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Chapter Three Biodegradable Elastomeric Polymers and MEMS in Tissue Engineering
3.1 INTRODUCTION3.1.1 Tissue Engineering
3.1.2 Mechanical Considerations for Tissue Engineering Scaffolds
3.2 DESIGN CRITERIA FOR BIODEGRADABLE ELASTOMERIC POLYMERS
3.2.1 Polymerization Mechanisms3.2.2 Methods to Incorporate Elasticity
3.2.3 Design Concerns
3.2.3.1 Biocompatibility3.2.3.2 Important Mechanical Properties3.2.3.3 Degradation Rate
3.3 BIODEGRADABLE ELASTOMERIC POLYMERS
3.3.1 Polyesters3.3.1.1 Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs)3.3.1.2 Poly(glycerol–sebacate) (PGS)3.3.1.3 Poly(glycerol sebacate)acrylate (PGSA)3.3.1.4 Poly(diol–citrate) (POC)3.3.1.5 Poly(PEG–co–CA) (PEC)3.3.1.6 Poly((1,2–propanediol–sebacate)–citrate) (PPSC)3.3.1.7 Poly(1,8–octanediol malate) (POM)
3.3.1.8 Poly(alkylene maleate citrates) (PAMCs)58
3.3.1.9 Crosslinked Urethane-Doped Polyesters59,60
3.3.2 Polyurethanes
3.3.2.1 Polyester–urethanes3.3.2.2 PCL–based polyester urethanes3.3.2.3 Poly(ester–ether) urethanes
3.3.3 Polycarbonates
3.3.3.1 Poly(D,L Lactide–co–1,3–trimethylene carbonate)3.3.3.2 Poly (ε–caprolactone–co–1,3–trimethylene carbonate)
3.4 MEMS PRINCIPLES IN TISSUE ENGINEERING
3.5 MEMS APPLICATIONS IN TISSUE ENGINEERING
3.6 OUTLOOK (1/2)
3.6 OUTLOOK (2/2)
Chapter Four MEMS in the Nervous System
4.1 IN VITRO DEVICES
4.1.1 Microelectrode Arrays
4.1.2 Microperfusion Devices
4.1.3 Microfluidic Devices
4.2 IN VIVO DEVICES
4.2.1 The Utah Electrode Array
4.2.2 Michigan Probes
4.2.3 Custom Electrodes and Combination Devices
4.2.4 Deep Brain Stimulation Electrodes
4.2.5 Peripheral Prosthetic Devices
4.2.6 Visual Prosthetics
4.2.7 Auditory Prosthetics
4.2.8 Spinal Cord Electrodes
4.2.9 Brain Computer Interfaces
4.3 DEVICE CONCERNS AND TISSUE RESPONSE
4.4 CONCLUDING REMARKS (1/2)
4.4 CONCLUDING REMARKS (2/2)
Chapter Five Hydrogel-Based Microfluidic Cell Culture
5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.1.1 Traditional Cell Culture Methods
5.1.2 Two-dimensional Versus Three-dimensional Culture Methods
5.1.3 Microscale Cell Culture Using Hydrogels
5.2 HYDROGELS
5.2.1 Naturally Derived Hydrogels
5.2.2 Alginate
5.2.3 Agarose
5.2.4 Synthetic Hydrogels
5.2.5 Pluronic
5.2.6 N-isopropylacrylamide Polymers (NiPAAm)
5.3 MICROFABRICATION
5.4 HYDROGEL-BASED MICROFLUIDIC CELL CULTURE
5.4.1 On-chip Alginate Cell Encapsulation
5.4.2 Microfluidic Agarose Cell Culture
5.4.3 Droplet Encapsulation
5.4.4 Other Configurations
5.4.5 Transport Considerations
5.5 APPLICATIONS
5.6 CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK (1/2)
5.6 CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK (2/2)
Chapter Six Flow Control in Biomedical Microdevices using Thermally Responsive Fluids
6.1 INTRODUCTION
6.2 TRANSPORT IN MICROFLUIDIC CHANNELS
6.3 FLOW CONTROL MECHANISMS
6.3.1 Microvalve Principles
6.3.2 Hydrogel-based Microvalve Principles
6.4 THERMALLY RESPONSIVE FLUIDS FOR MICROFLOW CONTROL
6.4.1 Temperature Responsive Materials
6.4.2 Properties of Pluronic Solutions
6.4.2.1 Phase Transition of Pluronic Solutions6.4.2.2 Rheological Characterization of Pluronic Solutions6.4.2.3 Effect of Ions on the Gelation Temperature of Pluronic Solutions6.4.2.4 Biocompatibility of Pluronic Solutions
6.5 FLOW CONTROL USING THERMALLY RESPONSIVE FLUIDS
6.5.1 Active Valving6.5.1.1 Principle of an Active Thermal Hydrogel Valve6.5.1.2 Microdevice Design and Fabrication6.5.1.3 Valve Performance
6.5.2 Passive Valving
6.5.2.1 Concept for Passive Flow Control6.5.2.2 Demonstration of Passive Valving6.5.2.3 Discussion of the Passive Flow Control Mechanism
6.5.3 Cross-Channel Transport
6.5.3.1 Concept of Cross-Channel Transport using a Gel Wall6.5.3.2 Generation of a Gel Wall in a Microchannel6.5.3.3 Discussion of the Wall Motion
6.6 CONCLUSIONS (1/2)
6.6 CONCLUSIONS (2/2)
Chapter Seven Application of MEMS in Drug Delivery: The Dynamic Between Biocompatibility and Biofunctionality
7.1 INTRODUCTION7.1.1 Current Therapies in Drug Delivery
7.1.2 The BioMEMS Solution
7.1.3 The Host-device Continuum
7.2 BIOMEMS IN DRUG DELIVERY: THE STATE OF THE FIELD
7.2.1 Acceptance of BioMEMS7.2.2 The state of the BioMEMS Field7.2.2.1 Transdermal BioMEMS for Drug Delivery7.2.2.2 Totally Implantable Drug Delivery Microsystems
7.3 THE DYNAMIC BETWEEN BIOCOMPATIBILITY AND BIOFUNCTIONALITY
7.3.1 Overview
7.3.2 Tissue Biocompatibility and Effect on Biofunctionality (1/2)
7.3.2 Tissue Biocompatibility and Effect on Biofunctionality (2/2)
7.3.3 Hemocompatibility and Effect on Biofunctionality
7.4 BIOMEMS DESIGN PARAMETERS AFFECTING BIOCOMPATIBILITY AND BIOFUNCTIONALITY7.4.1 Material selection
7.4.2 Fabrication Methods
7.5 BioMEMS IN DRUG DELIVERY: THE REAL
7.6 CONCLUDING REMARKS (1/2)
7.6 CONCLUDING REMARKS (2/2)
Chapter Eight Polymer-Based Biocompatible Surface Coatings
8.1 INTRODUCTION
8.2 NON-FOULING SURFACES BASED ON POLY(ETHYLENEGLYCOL)
8.2.1 Physical Adsorption of PEG-containing Copolymers8.2.1.1 Hydrophobic Adsorption
8.2.1.2 Electrostatic Adsorption
8.2.2 Chemisorption of PEG Containing Thiol or Sulfide Groups
8.2.3 Covalent Grafting of Poly (ethyelene glycol)
8.2.4 Surface Initiated Polymerization of PEG-containing Monomers
8.3 NON-FOULING SURFACES BASED ON ZWITTERIONIC GROUPS
8.3.1 Self-assembled Monolayers Containing Zwitterionic Groups
8.3.2 Surface Initiated Polymerization of Zwitterionic Group Containing Monomers
8.4 POLY(METH)ACRYLATE BASED NON-FOULING SURFACES
8.5 POLY(METH)ACRYLAMIDE BASED NON-FOULING SURFACES
8.6 HYPERBRANCHED POLYGLYCIDOL BASED NON-FOULING SURFACES
8.7 PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN GRAFTED POLYMERIC SURFACES
8.8 CONCLUSIONS (1/2)
8.8 CONCLUSIONS (2/2)
Chapter Nine Vibration-based Anti-Biofouling of Implants
9.1 INTRODUCTION
9.2 PROTEINS VISUALIZATION
9.3 INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PROTEINS AND SURFACE (1/2)
9.3 INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PROTEINS AND SURFACE (2/2)
9.4 SHEAR STRESS ON THE PROTEIN
9.5 MICROFABRICATION
9.6 CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK
Chapter Ten Characterization of Biomaterials
10.1 INTRODUCTION
10.2 BULK ANALYSIS METHODS
10.2.1 X-ray Micro-computed Tomography
10.2.2 X-ray Microdiffraction Technique
10.3 SURFACE ANALYSIS METHODS
10.3.1 Microscopic Methods10.3.1.1 Electron Microscopy10.3.1.2 Scanning Tunneling Microscopy10.3.1.3 Atomic Force Microscopy10.3.1.4 Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy
10.3.2 Spectroscopy Methods
10.3.2.1 X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy10.3.2.2 Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry10.3.2.3 Infrared Spectroscopy
10.3.3 Microspectroscopy and Spectral Imaging Methods
10.3.3.1 Infrared Microspetroscopic Imaging10.3.3.2 Raman Microspectroscopic Imaging
10.3.4 Thermodynamic Methods
10.3.5 Emerging Optical Methods for in vivo Analysis
10.3.5.1 Multi-Photon Excitation Microscopy10.3.5.2 Optical Coherence Tomography
10.4 CONCLUDING REMARKS (1/2)
10.4 CONCLUDING REMARKS (2/2)
Color Inserts (1/6)
Color Inserts (2/6)
Color Inserts (3/6)
Color Inserts (4/6)
Color Inserts (5/6)
Color Inserts (6/6)
Back Cover

Overview

This book serves as a guide for practicing engineers, researchers, and students interested in MEMS devices that use biomaterials and biomedical applications. It is also suitable for engineers and researchers interested in MEMS and its applications but who do not have the necessary background in biomaterials.

Biomaterials for MEMS highlights important features and issues of biomaterials that have been used in MEMS and biomedical areas. Hence this book is an essential guide for MEMS engineers or researchers who are trained in engineering institutes that do not provide the background or knowledge in biomaterials. The topics include fabrication of devices using biomaterials; biocompatible coatings and issues; thin-film biomaterials and MEMS for tissue engineering; and applications involving MEMS and biomaterials.

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