414 Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration
and adipogenic potential of hESC-MSCs were weaker as hESC progenitors
than BMSC (Marolt et al ., 2012).
13.2.3 Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) are derived from overexpression of
key transcription factors in somatic cells (Takahashi et al ., 2007). iPSCs can
be derived from patients and offer promise for autologous use in regenera-
tive medicine.
Because iPSCs share many similarities with hESCs, hESCs represent an
invaluable model for studies of human cell differentiation. For further read-
ing about iPSCs, we refer to the chapter ‘Stem cell technology for in vivo
bone repair’.
13.3 Processing techniques: strategies in bone tissue
engineer