34 Electromagnetic Fields in Biology and Medicine
cause free Ca
2+
to increase above its normal and tightly regulated value of approximately 100nM
in mammalian cells (Konieczny et al., 2012). In terms of PEMF mechanism, CaM is of particular
interest because it is the rst responder to changes in cytosolic Ca
2+
and because of the many roles it
plays in cell signaling and gene regulation pathways once activated by bound Ca
2+
(Faas et al., 2011).
In an immediate response to stress or injury, activated CaM binds to its primary enzyme target
constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS, neuronal [nNOS] and/or endothelial [eNOS]), which, in
turn, binds to and catalyzes L-arginine resulting in the release of the signaling molecule NO. As
a gaseous free ...