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12
Computational Fluid Dynamics
for Studying the Effects of
EMF on Model Systems
L. Traikov, I. Antonov, E. Dzhambazova,
A. Ushiama, and Chiyoji Ohkubo
12.1 INTRODUCTION
Electromagnetic elds (EMFs) of extremely low-frequency range are widely used in therapeutic
medical applications. Proof of effectiveness has been demonstrated in numerous clinical appli-
cations where each treatment employs specic characteristics of frequency, modulation, and
intensity to achieve its efcacy. Most profound clinical applications of extremely low-frequency
electromagnetic eld (ELF EMF) are related to bone repair, wound repair, inammation, and pain
managemen ...