14.1. INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, we survey the theoretical literature on the market forces that determine
equilibrium media bias.
1
We begin by defining bias formally and discussing its normative
implications. We then introduce a simple model that we use to organize the literature on
the determinants of bias, focusing first on supply-side forces such as political preferences
of media owners and then turning to demand-side forces working through consumer
beliefs and preferences.
Survey evidence suggests many people are skeptical that media provide voters with
accurate, timely information about politics. Trust in media is low and falling (
Ladd,
2012
). People on each side of the political spectrum believe news reporting is biased
in favor of the other ...