
Crime
Josephson
(1987)
Boys’ aggression (as
reported by teachers
completing the nine-
item Rip van Winkle
Peer Rated Index of
Aggression)
Short video Canada Experiment Random assignment to
one of six treatment
groups—two orders of
frustration (before/after
TV-watching) crossed
with three TV violence
exposure conditions
Dahl and
DellaVigna
(2009)
Violent crime Violent movies USA Natural
experiment
Day-to-day variation in
the movie audiences of
strongly violent, mildly
violent, and non-
violent movies
Card and Dahl
(2011)
Family violence Football game
shown on TV
USA Natural
experiment
Variation in football score,
compared to the
predicted score of the
game (Las Vegas
bookmakers), ...