Handbook of Media Economics, vol 1B

CHAPTER 15

Empirical Studies of Media Bias

Riccardo Puglisi*, James M. Snyder, Jr.

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*

Department of Political and Social Sciences, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy

†

Department of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA

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NBER, Cambridge, MA, USA

Contents

15.1. Introduction 648

15.2. Estimating Bias 649

15.2.1 Measures of Explicit Bias 650

15.2.2 Measures of Implicit Bias 651

15.2.2.1 The Comparison Approach 652

15.2.2.2 The Issue Intensity Approach 654

15.2.2.3 The Third Approach—Measuring Tone 656

15.2.3 Is There One Dimension? 658

15.3. Factors Correlated with Bias 659

15.3.1 Demand-Side Factors 659

15.3.2 Supply-Side Factors 659

15.3.3 The Role of Competition 661

15.4. Bias and Voter Behavior 662

15.5. Conclusions 664

References 664 ...