The reference model for computer networks is the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, which was developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). It is a conceptual model to which the computer networks, makers can refer to rather than a precise description of a real network. In the ISO/OSI model, every node of the network can be sketched as a hierarchical structure of seven levels, as shown in the following diagram:
Functional layers in the ISO/OSI model
The functional layers in the OSI model are explained as follows:
- The first level, starting from the bottom, is level 1, or the physical level ...
