November 2018
Intermediate to advanced
556 pages
14h 42m
English
After the advent of the steam engine in 1760, steam was used to power everything from agriculture to textile manufacturing. This caused the First Industrial Revolution and the age of mechanical production. At the end of the 19th century came the arrival of electricity, new modes of labor organization, and mass production, which started the Second Industrial Revolution. In the second half of the 20th century, the development of semiconductors and the introduction of electronic controllers produced the beginning of the automation era and the Third Industrial Revolution. In the Hannover exhibition of 2011, Henning Kagermann, Wolf-Dieter Lukas, and Wolfgang Wahlster coined the term Industry 4.0 for the project of renewing the ...