Op Amps for Everyone, 5th Edition

Chapter 20

Designing Low-Voltage Op Amp Circuits

Abstract

Op amps have developed to the point that they have made inroads into battery-operated equipment. Supply voltages have become lower and lower, which means the set of op amp parameters related to supply voltage become more important. Power consumption is also critical in battery applications.

Keywords

Dynamic range; Input common-mode range; Output voltage swing; Rail to rail; Signal-to-noise ratio

20.1. Introduction

Op amp application circuits are a means to an end—the end being a product that is sold. More and more products are being manufactured that operate off of batteries. Consumers want smaller, lighter products that still have the functionality of previous generations of products—the cell ...