Chapter 1. The Border Gateway Protocol

When networks were small, there was no concept of interior and exterior gateway protocols; a network ran a routing protocol, and that was the end of it. The Internet, for instance, ran the Hello Protocol on devices called fuzzballs (before they were called routers), until some problems in the Hello Protocol led to the development of RIP (Routing Information Protocol). RIP was run as the only routing protocol on the Internet for many years. Over time, however, the Internet grew (and grew and grew), and it became apparent that something more was needed in routing protocols—a single ubiquitous protocol couldn't do all the work that routing protocols were being required to do and scale in any reasonable manner. ...

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