November 2017
Beginner to intermediate
344 pages
7h 2m
Chinese
Content preview from 深入理解運算原理｜從簡單的機器到無所不能的程式
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四處皆通用
|
239
而且可以運作的很好。而且因為我們替任何 lambda 演算運算式執行這項轉譯，因此 Iota
依然是另一種通用語言。
標籤系統
標籤系統
（
tag system
）是一種運算模型，它的運作就像簡化的圖靈機：標籤系統運算
字串的方式是反覆將新字元加到字串結尾，並且在開頭之處移除它們，而非在磁帶來回
的移動磁帶頭。就某些方面，標籤系統的字串就像圖靈機的磁帶，但是有所限制的是標
籤系統只能運算字串的邊緣，並且它只能以單一方向『移動』（從開頭往結尾）。
標籤系統的描述有兩個部分：首先是規則的集合，其中每條規則在特定字元出現在開頭
時，指定某些字元要附加到字串（例如『字元
a
位在字串開頭，就附加字元
bcd
』）； 其
次是稱為
刪除數
（
deletion number
）的數值，它指定了遵循規則之後從字串開頭刪掉的
字元數量。
以下是標籤系統的例子：
• 當字串的開頭是
a
，附加字元
bc
。
• 當字串的開頭是
b
，附加字元
caad
。
• 當字串的開頭是
c
，附加字元
ccd
。
• 遵循上述任何規則之後，從字串開頭刪掉 3 個字元（也就是說刪除數是 3）。
反覆遵循規則並刪除字元，直到字串的第 1 個字元沒有適用的規則，或直到字串長度小
於刪除數，我們可以執行標籤系統運算
6
。讓我們試著以初始字串
'aaaaaa'
來執行範例
的標籤系統：
目前字串 適用的規則
aaaaaa 當字串的開頭是 a，附加字元 bc。
aaa
bc
當字串的開頭是 a，附加字元 bc。
bc
bc
當字串的開頭是 b，附加字元 caad。
c
caad ...
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