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深入理解運算原理|從簡單的機器到無所不能的程式
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深入理解運算原理|從簡單的機器到無所不能的程式

by Tom Stuart
November 2017
Beginner to intermediate
344 pages
7h 2m
Chinese
GoTop Information, Inc.
Content preview from 深入理解運算原理|從簡單的機器到無所不能的程式
第3章
最簡單的電腦
我們在短短的幾年之內就被電腦包圍了。它們曾經安全的隱身在軍事研究中心和大學實
驗室,但現在它們無所不在:在我們的桌上、口袋、汽車引擎蓋底下,甚至植入我們的
身體。身為程式設計者,雖然每天都在使用複雜的計算裝置,但我們瞭解它們的運作方
式有多深呢?
伴隨現代電腦的威力而來的是諸多的複雜性,使得電腦眾多子系統的每個細節變得難以
瞭解,而這些子系統彼此如何相互建立整個系統的細節,更是難以瞭解。這種複雜性使
得直接推論現實電腦的能力和行為變得不切實際,因此,擁有簡化過並能完全瞭解細節
且與現實機器共享有用功能的電腦模型,將會相當有用。
我們會在本章剝去電腦的概念,讓電腦回到最原始的本質,看看它可以用來做什麼,並
且探索這類簡單電腦的極限。
決定論有限自動機
現實生活裡的電腦通常擁有大量的揮發性記憶體(RAM)和非揮發性儲存空間(硬碟
SSD)、許多 I/O 裝置,以及能夠同時執行多個指令的數個處理器核心。
有限狀態機
finite state machine
),也稱為
有限自動機
finite automaton
),是經過相當程度簡化的電腦
模型,它拋出了這所有的功能,以換取易於理解、易於推論、易於以硬體或軟體實作。
狀態、規則、輸入
有限自動機沒有永久固定的儲存空間,也沒有實質的 RAM。它是具有少數可能
狀態
state)的小機器,並且能夠追蹤目前的狀態(可將它想作擁有足夠 RAM 的電腦,且
能儲存單一的值)。
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Publisher Resources

ISBN: 9789864766000