November 2017
Beginner to intermediate
344 pages
7h 2m
Chinese
Content preview from 深入理解運算原理｜從簡單的機器到無所不能的程式
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259
規則 110
規則
110
（
Rule 110
）是 1983 年由史蒂芬 • 沃夫瑞（Stephen Wolfram）所提出的另一
種細胞自動機。每個細胞都可以存活或死亡，就像康威生命遊戲裡的細胞，但規則 110
裡的細胞是排列在一維的橫列，而非二維格線。這意謂著每個細胞只有兩個鄰居（直接
位在橫列的左右兩側），而不像遊戲生命的每個細胞圍繞著 8 個鄰居。
在規則 110 自動機的每個步驟，細胞的下一個狀態是由它自己的狀態和它兩個鄰居的狀
態所決定。和生活遊戲不同的是，它的規則都很普通，並且適用許多不同存活的和死亡
細胞的安排方式，規則 110 自動機對每種可能性都有個別的規則：
260
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第 7 章
如果我們從這 8 條規則讀出『之後』細胞的值，將死亡細胞視為數字 0、
存活細胞視為 1，會得到二進位數值 01101110。而轉換此二進位數值可
得到十進位數值 110，這就是這個細胞自動機名稱的由來。
規則 110 比生命遊戲簡單很多，但再次強調，它也能具備複雜的行為。以下是從單個存
活細胞開始的規則 110 自動機的前幾個步驟：
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這種行為已經不是很簡單（例如它不只產生存活細胞的實線），且若我們以相同的自動
機執行 500 個步驟，就能看到有趣的模式開始出現：
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