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深入理解運算原理|從簡單的機器到無所不能的程式
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深入理解運算原理|從簡單的機器到無所不能的程式

by Tom Stuart
November 2017
Beginner to intermediate
344 pages
7h 2m
Chinese
GoTop Information, Inc.
Content preview from 深入理解運算原理|從簡單的機器到無所不能的程式
第5章
終極機器
我們在第 3、第 4 章研究了簡單的運算模型能力。我們已經討論了如何識別日益複雜的
字串、如何匹配正規運算式,以及如何解析程式設計語言,這一切皆使用幾乎不複雜的
基本機器。
但我們也看到,這些機器(有限自動機和下推自動機)有很大的限制,而這會侵蝕它們
作為實際運算模型的實用性。我們的玩具系統還需要多少運算能力才能擺脫這些限制、
才能完成一般電腦可以執行的一切?要模仿 RAM、硬碟或正確的輸出機制等行為需要
多少的複雜程度?設計一個能夠真正
執行程式
而非總是執行單一寫死任務的機器需要
什麼?
1930 年代,艾倫 圖靈(Alan Turing)正在從本質解決這個問題。當時,『電腦』
這個字的英文原意是計算者(computer),其工作是以人手重複一系列費力的數學運算
來執行冗長的計算,而當時通常是由女性負責這類工作。圖靈在尋找一種方式來瞭解並
描述人力計算者的動作,以便讓相同的工作可以完全由機器執行。在本章,我們將會檢
視圖靈的革命性想法,也就是如何設計最簡單且可行的『自動機器』,這種機器將可獲
得人力運算的完整功能和複雜。
決定論圖靈機
我們在第 4 章曾經將堆疊加到有限自動機,以此當作有限自動機的外部記憶體能增加有
限自動機的運算能力。相較於機器狀態所提供的有限內部記憶體,堆疊的真正優點是它
能動態增加而適應任何數量的資訊,允許下推自動機處理需要儲存任意數量資料的問
題。
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Publisher Resources

ISBN: 9789864766000