
466 Statistics and Data Analysis for Microarrays Using R and Bioconductor
drug administered, a nd the output is the expressio n level of the genes or, more
precisely, the difference between the expr ession levels of the genes without the
drug and the expression levels of the genes whe n the drug is administered.
There are situations in which the variance introduced by the various sources
is so great that the interesting effect, the gene regulation due to the drug, is
completely covered by the variation in the output determined by the other
sources of variance. In such circ ums tances, a preliminary study c an be un-
dertaken in order to assess the relative ...