Statistics and Data Analysis for Microarrays Using R and Bioconductor, 2nd Edition

30 St at ist ics and Data Analysis for Microarrays Using R and Bioconductor

way for it to function properly.

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Enzymes are specialize d proteins

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that act as

catalysts and control the internal chemistry of the cells. This is usually done

by binding to specific molecules in a very precis e way such as certain atoms

in the molecules can form bonds . Sometimes, the molecules are distorted in

order to make them react more easily. Some specialized enzymes process DNA

by cutting long chains into pieces or by assembling pieces into longer chains.

A gene is active, or expressed, if the cell makes the gene product (e.g. protein)

encoded by the gene. If a lot o