Transport Processes and Separation Process Principles (Includes Unit Operations) Fourth Edition

3.3. PUMPS AND GAS-MOVING EQUIPMENT

3.3A. Introduction

In order to make a fluid flow from one point to another in a closed conduit or pipe, it is necessary to have a driving force. Sometimes this force is supplied by gravity, where differences in elevation occur. Usually, the energy or driving force is supplied by a mechanical device such as a pump or blower, which increases the mechanical energy of the fluid. This energy may be used to increase the velocity (move the fluid), the pressure, or the elevation of the fluid, as seen in the mechanical-energy-balance equation (2.7-28), which relates ν, p, ρ, and work. The most common methods of adding energy are by positive displacement or centrifugal action.

Generally, the word "pump" designates a ...